Adjuvant physical therapy versus occupational therapy in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy/complex regional pain syndrome type I

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and cost of physical therapy (PT) or occupational therapy (OT) in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial, with 1 year follow-up. Setting: Two university hospitals. Patients: One hundred thirty-five patients who had been suffering from RSD df one upper extremity for less than I year. Interventions: Patients were assigned to PT, OT, or a control group (social work). Main Outcome Measures: Improvement in impairment level sumscore (ISS) over 1 year (Student's t test). A difference of 5 ISS points between the groups was defined as being clinically relevant. Furthermore, severity of disability and handicap was measured and tested exploratively (Wilcoxon; alpha = .05), and cost-effectiveness of the groups was calculated. Results: PT and, to a lesser extent, OT resulted in a significant and also more rapid improvement in the ISS as compared with controls (6 and 4 ISS points, respectively). On a disability level, a positive trend was found in favor of OT. On a handicap level, no differences were found between the groups. PT had an advantage over OT regarding the cost-effectiveness ratio. Conclusion: In different ways PT and OT each contribute to the recovery from RSD of the upper extremity.