Rapid visualizing and pathological grading of bladder tumor tissues by simple nanodiagnostics

Developing a tissue diagnosis technology to avoid the complicated processes and the usage of expensive reagents while achieving rapid pathological grading diagnosis to provide a better strategy for clinical treatment is an important strategy of tumor diagnose. Herein, we selected the integrin alpha v beta 3 as target based on the analysis of clinical data, and then designed a stable and cancer-targeted selenium nanosystem (RGD@SeNPs) by using RGD polypeptide as the targeting modifier. In vitro experiments showed that RGD@SeNPs could specifically recognized tumor cells, especially in co-culture cells model. The RGD@SeNPs can be used for clinical samples staining without the use of primary and secondary antibody. Fluorescence difference of the tissue specimens staining with RGD@SeNPs could be used to distinguish normal tissues and tumor tissues or estimate different pathological grades of cancer at tissue level. 132 clinical tumor specimens with three types of tumor and 76 non-tumor specimens were examined which verified that the nanoparticles could specific and sensitive distinguish tumor tissue from normal tissue with a specificity of 92% and sensitivity of 96%. These results demonstrate the potential of cancer-targeted RGD@SeNPs as translational nanodiagnostics for rapid visualizing and pathological grading of bladder tumor tissues in clinical specimens.