Does glenohumeral external rotation gain and glenohumeral internal rotation deficit predict shoulder injury in novice and elite badminton players?

Introduction: Badminton incorporates repeated arm movements with overhead strokes. Prediction of shoulder injury in novice and elite badminton players was assessed by identifying glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and glenohumeral external rotation gain (GERG), posterior soft tissue tightness, scapular dyskinesis, scapular muscle strength (serratus anterior, upper, middle and lower trapezius) and glenohumeral rotators strength (internal and external rotators). Materials and Methods: Bubble inclinometer, measuring tape, universal goniometer, push-pull dynamometer, DASH scale-sports module, numerical rating scale. Pre-assessment on various outcomes were performed and the player was followed-up for 3 months, post-assessment on various outcome were performed at the end of 3 months, results were studied and compared to predict shoulder injury. Results & Conclusion: Shoulder at risk of injury was identified in both the groups (novice & elite), evident GIRD & GERG, significant difference in posterior soft tissue tightness, increase in scapular muscles strengths, altered scapular stability observed by scapular dyskinesis test (SDT). This prediction can be used for designing appropriate treatment strategies for prevention of shoulder injuries in future.