Balloon pulmonary angioplasty reverse right ventricular remodelling and dysfunction in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives Right ventricular (RV) function is considered the major determinant of prognosis in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate RV remodelling and function following balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) in patients with inoperable CTEPH or persistent/recurrent pulmonary hypertension (PH) after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Methods We reviewed all studies evaluating RV function by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and/or echocardiography pre- and post-BPA from PubMed/Medline prior to 15 December 2019. Ten (299 patients) of the 29 studies retrieved met the inclusion criteria: 5 CMR and 5 echocardiography studies. The systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines. Results Pooled data from CMR studies revealed BPA resulted in a significantly decreased RV end-diastolic volume index (weighted mean difference (WMD) - 28.33 ml/m(2), p < 0.00001) and RV end-systolic volume index (WMD - 29.06 ml/m(2), p < 0.00001) accompanied by an increased RV ejection fraction (RVEF, WMD 8.97%, p < 0.00001). Data from the echocardiography studies showed BPA resulted in decreased RV basal diameter (WMD - 0.37 cm, p = 0.0009) and an increase of RV fractional area change (WMD 5.97 %, p = 0.003), but improvements of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and S ' were not significant. Conclusions BPA improves RVEF and decreases RV volumes in patients with inoperable CTEPH or persistent/recurrent PH after PEA.