Three-dimensional endoscopic endonasal study of skull base anatomy

Introduction: Training in dissection of the paranasal sinuses and the skull base is essential for anatomical understanding and correct surgical techniques. Three-dimensional (3D) visualisation of endoscopic skull base anatomy increases spatial orientation and allows depth perception. Objective: To show endoscopic skull base anatomy based on the 3D technique. Methods: We performed endoscopic dissection in cadaveric specimens fixed with formalin and with the Thiel technique, both prepared using intravascular injection of coloured material. Endonasal approaches were performed with conventional 2D endoscopes. Then we applied the 3D anaglyph technique to illustrate the pictures in 3D. Results: The most important anatomical structures and landmarks of the seller region under endonasal endoscopic vision are illustrated in 3D images. Conclusion: The skull base consists of complex bony and neurovascular structures. Experience with cadaver dissection is essential to understand complex anatomy and develop surgical skills. A 3D view constitutes a useful tool for understanding skull base anatomy. (C) 2012 Sociedad Espanola de Neurocirugia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.