The importance of multimedia elements in learning and the impact of redundancy principle in developing effective multimedia learning materials: a literature review

The importance of multimedia learning materials in the education world is undeniable. At the present stage of technological advancement, the rapid growth of technology has changed the way education is conducted. Education no longer constrained in terms of location, size, space, and time. It can be conducted via the internet anywhere, anytime and available 24/7 using multimedia technology. However, the effectiveness of multimedia learning materials are determined by a few core principles according to the cognitive theory of multimedia learning (CTML) introduced by Mayer (2005a). Hence this article reviews the empirical literature pertaining to the importance of multimedia in learning, and the impact of the redundancy principle in developing effective multimedia learning materials. Articles selected for this review were scrutinize based on the important factors and benefits of multimedia elements. It reviews the crucial aspects of contributing to the education field. A brief explanation of the CTML at the beginning of this article to ensure readers have a strong understanding of the underlying theory in developing effective multimedia learning materials. This is followed by reviews of the importance of multimedia and learning before going into the review on the impact of redundancy principle. The article ends with a discussion regarding the possible research gaps and future research areas in this field of education and other potential sectors.