Carboxylation of multiwalled carbon nanotube enhanced its biocompatibility with L02 cells through decreased activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway

Modification of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with carboxyl group is one of the widely used strategies to increase their water dispersibility. Various molecules can be further coupled to the surface of carboxylated CNTs for the desired applications. However, the effect of carboxylation of CNTs on their cytotoxicity is far from being completely understood. In this study, the impact of carboxylated multiwalled CNT (MWCNT-COOH) on human normal liver cell line L02 was studied and compared with pristine multiwalled CNT (p-MWCNT). The data accumulated in this study revealed that modification with carboxyl group reduced the toxicity of MWCNT on L02 cells, probably due to the decreased activation of mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathway. Both p-MWCNT and MWCNT-COOH, when reaching to certain concentration, induced significant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to cytoplasm as well as activation of caspase-9, and -3. However, the changes induced by MWCNT-COOH were significantly milder than that by p-MWCNT. Our observation suggests that carboxylated MWCNTs might be safer for in vivo application as compared with p-MWCNT. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 665-673, 2014.