Learning Outcomes of the Observer Role in Nursing Simulation: A Scoping Review

Background: Simulation-based learning experiences are utilized more frequently to support nursing education. Some programs use observational, rather than active, role assignments to meet the growing demand for simulation-based learning experiences. Despite support for observer learning, educators disagree about whether observers' learning outcomes are similar to those who are active participants. Method: The scoping review strategy established by the Joanna Briggs Institute was followed to investigate what learning outcomes have been measured in nurses serving in observer roles in simulation Results: Twenty-eight studies matched the search strategy and inclusion criteria. Eight categories of observer learning outcomes were identified: knowledge, clinical skills, clinical judgment, teamwork/ collaboration, confidence, critical thinking, insight, and conceptual thinking. Conclusion: The literature suggests that the observer role can lead to measurable learning outcomes. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning.