Neurophysiological effects of various music genres on electroencephalographic (EEG) cerebral cortex activity

Background: Music has been associated with therapeutic properties for thousands of years across a vast number of diverse regions and cultures. This study expands upon our current understanding of music's influence on human neurophysiology by investigating the effects of various music genres on cerebral cortex activity using electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: A randomized, controlled study design was used. EEG data were recorded from 23 healthy adults, ages 19-28, while listening to a music sequence consisting of five randomized songs and two controls. The five studied music genres include: Classical, Tribal Downtempo, Psychedelic Trance (Psytrance), Goa Trance, and Subject Choice. Results: Controls were associated with lower percentages of beta frequencies and higher percentages of alpha frequencies than the music genres. Psytrance was associated with higher percentages of theta and delta frequencies than the other music genres and controls. The lowest percentages of beta frequencies and highest percentages of alpha frequencies occurred in the occipital and parietal regions. The highest percentages of theta and delta frequencies occurred in the frontal and temporal regions. Subjects with prior music training exhibited increased percentages of delta frequencies in the frontal region. Subject gender and music preference did not have a significant influence on frequency band percentages. Conclusions: Findings from this study support those of previous music therapy studies and provide novel insights regarding music's influence on human neurophysiology. These findings also support the hypothesis that music may promote changes in cerebral cortex activity that have similarities to non -rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, while the listener remains awake.