A cross national comparative study of new product development processes: Japan and the United States

Drawing on the marketing and management literatures, the authors identify strategic, tactical, and environmental factors that influence the commercial success of new products. They test the resulting conceptual model using data collected on 788 Japanese and 612 American new product development projects, The results provide insights into the antecedents and correlates of new product success and failure in both Japanese and U.S. firms, as well as into successful and unsuccessful management practices.