X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies the cation valencies and distributions in crednerite-Cu1.1Mn0.9O2 thin films

In this study, the cation valencies and distributions in crednerite-Cu1.1Mn0.9O2 thin films are studied. The lattice parameters of the sol-gel-derived crednerite-Cu1.1Mn0.9O2 thin films were a = 0.55759 nm, b = 0.28754 nm, c = 0.58847 nm, and beta = 104.18 degrees. The binding energies of the Cu-2p spectrum were 932.3 +/- 0.2 eV (2p(3/2)) and 952.3 +/- 0.2 eV (2p(1/2)), which represent the Cu+ in the thin films. Moreover, three binding energies at 639.8 +/- 0.2 eV, 641.1 +/- 0.2 eV, and 643.4 +/- 0.2 eV were found in the Mn-2p spectrum. The binding energies of the Mn-3p spectrum were 47.3 +/- 0.2 eV, 48.0 +/- 0.2 eV, and 49.9 +/- 0.2 eV for the crednerite-Cu1.1Mn0.9O2 thin films, which reveal that the thin films have Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+ cations. Additionally, the cation distributions in the thin films were Cu-1.1(+)[Mn0.24-0.272+Mn0.53-0.543+Mn0.020-0224+](0.9)O-2 from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.