Mechanisms of Endogenous Neuroprotective Effects of Astrocytes in Brain Injury

被引：116

作者：

Bylicky, Michelle A. ^{[1
]}

Mueller, Gregory P. ^{[1
]}

Day, Regina M. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA

[2] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Therapeut, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA

来源：

OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY | 2018年 / 2018卷

关键词：

CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GLUCOSE-DEPRIVATION INJURY; CORTICAL CELL-CULTURE; REACTIVE ASTROCYTES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; GLUTAMATE UPTAKE; DNA-REPAIR; EXTRACELLULAR POTASSIUM; GLIAL-CELLS;

D O I：

10.1155/2018/6501031

中图分类号：

Q2 [细胞生物学];

学科分类号：

071009 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

Astrocytes, once believed to serve only as "glue" for the structural support of neurons, have been demonstrated to serve critical functions for the maintenance and protection of neurons, especially under conditions of acute or chronic injury. There are at least seven distinct mechanisms by which astrocytes protect neurons from damage; these are (1) protection against glutamate toxicity, (2) protection against redox stress, (3) mediation of mitochondrial repair mechanisms, (4) protection against glucose-induced metabolic stress, (5) protection against iron toxicity, (6) modulation of the immune response in the brain, and (7) maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the presence of DNA damage. Astrocytes support these critical functions through specialized responses to stress or toxic conditions. The detoxifying activities of astrocytes are essential for maintenance of the microenvironment surrounding neurons and in whole tissue homeostasis. Improved understanding of the mechanisms by which astrocytes protect the brain could lead to the development of novel targets for the development of neuroprotective strategies.

引用

页数：16

共 232 条

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