Characterization of calcium phosphate with an anodicTiO2 nanotube layer on titanium screw for biomedical application

The present paper reports a novel solution to develop a calcium phosphates (CaPs) coating with an anodic nanotubular TiO2 layer on titanium screw by electrochemical disposition (ECD). The elemental composition of coatings was examined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the surface mopholoy was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the functional groups and crystalline phase were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the bioactivity was tested by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. The results showed that a nanotubular TiO2 layer was established which has about 100 mm diameter and the calcium phosphate coatings have higher bioactivity and porosity compared with uncoated titanium screws, which make the coating more conductive to cell adhesion. Using alkaline treatment, the calcium phosphate coating could transform into hydroxyapatite (HAp), making the coating closer to the biological complement. This provides a valuable tool for biomedical applications.