Antioxidant evaluation of Fumaria parviflora L. extract loaded nanocapsules obtained by green extraction methods in oxidative stability of sunflower oil

In the present study, the antioxidant activity of the extracts of Fumaria parviflora L. root and leaves obtained by ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, supercritical fluid, and subcritical water extraction was assayed through DPPH radical scavenging method, ferric reduction assay, beta-carotene: linoleic acid bleaching assay, and rancimat. The higher phenolic (50.47 mg GA/g DM) and flavonoid content (13.14 mg QE/g DM) was observed in ultrasonic leaves extract. The concentration-dependent antioxidant activity was observed for all extracts in all evaluation methods. The ultrasonic extract of F. parviflora L. leaves was incorporated into nanocapsules which were prepared with maltodextrin (MD), and gum Arabic (GA) at different ratio (1:0, 0:1, 1:1). The antioxidant activity of nano encapsulated extract was evaluated in sunflower oil (SFO) during 50 days of storage. Howbeit, the MD-GA nanocapsule was smaller than other nanocapsules, they had higher antioxidant properties in SFO. At the end of storage time, the lowest peroxide value (9.28 meq O-2 kg(-1) oil) and thiobarbituric acid value (4.34 mg malondialdehyde eq kg(-1) oil) were related to oil containing MD-GA nanocapsules in comparison with control sample which exhibited the highest peroxide value (94.03 meq O-2 kg(-1) oil) and thiobarbituric acid value (0.32 mg malondialdehyde eq kg(-1) oil) values. Also, the tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) had higher antioxidant capacity at lower concentration in all antioxidant tests, the SFO samples containing nanoencapsulated extract were more resistant to oxidation than control and TBHQ samples. The results of this study suggest that encapsulated F. parviflora L. leaves extract can be used as natural antioxidant to preserve sunflower oil.