Cladistic analysis of coenosiini (Diptera: Muscidae: Coenosiinae)

The phylogenetic relationships among world genera of Coenosiini (Diptera: Muscidae: Coenosiinae) were investigated using parsimony. The analysis involved forty-six ingroup terminal taxa, representing 100% of the genera currently assigned to this tribe, three outgroups and sixty-seven adult male and female morphological characters. The monophyly of Coenosiini is confirmed by the position of the three katepisternal bristles, equidistant from each other and placed at the points of an equilateral triangle. Genera Andersonosia, Agenamyia, Anthocoenosia, Drepanocnemis, Pachyceramyia and Rhabdotoptera are removed from Coenosiini and temporarily placed in Limnophorini. The other genera fall into two groups: the Lispocephala-group, comprised of genera with mainly Old World species and the Nearctic genus Pentacricia; and the Coenosia-group, with the highest level of generic diversity in South America. Each group is defined by synapomorphies of its constituent genera: Lispocephala-group by the presence of a posteroventral apical seta on the hind tibia, the presence of two arms in male sternite 6 (not forming a ring) and the short or very short female ovipositor; the Coenosia-group by the presence of a developed epiproct and narrow sternites 6 and 7 of the female ovipositor. The following new generic synonymies are proposed (junior synonyms in parentheses): Lispocephala Pokorny (= Pectiniseta Stein), Coenosia Meigen (= Tenuicosta Stein; Dexiopsis Pokorny), Neodexiopsis Malloch (= Haroldopsis Albuquerque), Pilispina Albuquerque (= Levallonia Albuquerque; Noelia Albuquerque; Parvomusca Medeiros; Cholomyioides Albuquerque), Apsil Malloch (= Raymondomyia Malloch), Stomopogon Malloch (= Angolia Malloch; Angolina Pont) and Pygophora Schiner (= Chouicoenosia Cui & Xue).