Wheat, Barley, and Oat Breeding for Health Benefit Components in Grain

被引:65
作者
Loskutov, Igor G. [1 ]
Khlestkina, Elena K. [1 ]
机构
[1] NI Vavilov All Russian Inst Plant Genet Resources, Fed Res Ctr, St Petersburg 190000, Russia
来源
PLANTS-BASEL | 2021年 / 10卷 / 01期
关键词
barley; breeding; marker-assisted selection; genes; genetic resources; genome editing; health benefits; metabolomics; oat; QTL; wheat; BETA-GLUCAN CONTENT; HYDROXYCINNAMOYL-COA; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ANTHOCYANINS PARTICIPATE; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; FLAVONOID CONTENT; COLD-ACCLIMATION; AGRONOMIC TRAITS;
D O I
10.3390/plants10010086
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Cereal grains provide half of the calories consumed by humans. In addition, they contain important compounds beneficial for health. During the last years, a broad spectrum of new cereal grain-derived products for dietary purposes emerged on the global food market. Special breeding programs aimed at cultivars utilizable for these new products have been launched for both the main sources of staple foods (such as rice, wheat, and maize) and other cereal crops (oat, barley, sorghum, millet, etc.). The breeding paradigm has been switched from traditional grain quality indicators (for example, high breadmaking quality and protein content for common wheat or content of protein, lysine, and starch for barley and oat) to more specialized ones (high content of bioactive compounds, vitamins, dietary fibers, and oils, etc.). To enrich cereal grain with functional components while growing plants in contrast to the post-harvesting improvement of staple foods with natural and synthetic additives, the new breeding programs need a source of genes for the improvement of the content of health benefit components in grain. The current review aims to consider current trends and achievements in wheat, barley, and oat breeding for health-benefiting components. The sources of these valuable genes are plant genetic resources deposited in genebanks: landraces, rare crop species, or even wild relatives of cultivated plants. Traditional plant breeding approaches supplemented with marker-assisted selection and genetic editing, as well as high-throughput chemotyping techniques, are exploited to speed up the breeding for the desired genotx443;pes. Biochemical and genetic bases for the enrichment of the grain of modern cereal crop cultivars with micronutrients, oils, phenolics, and other compounds are discussed, and certain cases of contributions to special health-improving diets are summarized. Correlations between the content of certain bioactive compounds and the resistance to diseases or tolerance to certain abiotic stressors suggest that breeding programs aimed at raising the levels of health-benefiting components in cereal grain might at the same time match the task of developing cultivars adapted to unfavorable environmental conditions.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 18
页数:18
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