From advanced biomedical coatings to multi-functionalized biomaterials

In this review, current activities in the development of active biomaterials related to bio-interfacial design as well as novel concepts for smart polymer systems are highlighted. For instance, advanced biomedical coatings, including vapor-based polymer coatings for the controlled attachment of biomolecules, and temperature-responsive coatings for tissue engineering are outlined. Moreover, recent trends with the fabrication of "smart," switchable surfaces, such as conformationally switching monolayers, will be reviewed. Specific focus will further be given to multi- functionalized biomaterials including shape-memory polymers that undergo specific changes in shape in response to stimuli like heat or light. This novel class of intelligent materials highlights a recent trend in biomaterial development targeting is the extension of this concept to multi-functionalization. In particular, the combination of biodegradability and shape-memory effects opens a range of opportunities for biomedical applications including intelligent sutures or stents.