Frequency and temperature-dependence of dielectric permittivity and electric modulus studies of the solid solution Ca0.85Er0.1Ti1-xCo4x/3O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1)

The dielectric properties of Ca0.85Er0.1Ti1-xCo4x/3O3 (CETCox) (x = 0.00, 0.05 and 0.10), prepared by a sal-gel method, were systematically characterized. The temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric properties showed a major effect of the grain and grain boundary. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of CETCox decreased sharply with increasing frequency. This is referred to as the Maxwell-Wagner type of polarization in accordance with Koop's theory. As a function of temperature, the dielectric loss and the real part of permittivity decreased with increasing frequency as well as Co rate. Indeed, a classical ferroelectric behavior was observed for x = 0.00. The non-ferroelectric state of the grain boundary and its correlation with structure, however, proved the existence of a relaxor behavior for x = 0.05 and 0.10. The complex electric modulus analysis M*(omega) confirmed that the relaxation process is thermally activated. The normalized imaginary part of the modulus indicated that the relaxation process is dominated by the short range movement of charge carriers.