Elastic waves in fluid-conveying carbon nanotubes under magneto-hygro-mechanical loads via a two-phase local/nonlocal mixture model

The nonlocal elasticity has been widely utilized for carbon nanotubes in its differential form. However, recently, it has been indicated that using the integral form of this size-dependent theory yields more accurate and reliable results. In this paper, an integral form of nonlocal elasticity with two distinct phases is used to analyze wave propagations in carbon nanotubes conveying nanofluid. The nanotube is subjected to a magneto-hygro-mechanical loading. Furthermore, the nanotube is surrounded by a two-parameter polymer matrix. To incorporate slip effects between the fluid and tube at nanoscales, a correction factor is employed on the basis of Beskok-Karniadakis model. The wave propagation in carbon nanotubes conveying nanofluid is examined incorporating the influences of various parameters such as phase fractions, magnetic strength, initial stress and Knudsen number. Comparing the present results with those of molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that the limitation of the differential nonlocal elasticity for high wave numbers is overcome by using the two-phase integral form.