Newborn screening levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in very low birth weight infants and the relationship to chronic lung disease

Objectives: 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), an intermediary hormone in cortisol synthesis, has been shown to be elevated in premature infants. However, the relationship between levels of 17-OHP with chronic lung disease (CLD) have not been extensively explored. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between CLD and levels of 17-OHP in a population of very low birth weight infants. Study design: Cohort study of very low birth weight infants cared for at a single level 3 NICU during a 3-year period from July 2001-July 2004, n = 435. Infants had a minimum of one screen for 17-OHP. 17-OHP was measured on the 5(th) day of life and at 2-4 weeks of life as part of the State of Delaware Newborn Screening Program. Statistical analysis included chi-squared, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression. Results: Levels of 17-OHP were higher at the time of the 1(st) screen compared to the 2(nd) screen (42.2 +/- 36.7 vs 23.5 +/- 32.3 ng/ml, respectively, p = 0.01). After controlling for potential confounding variables, gestational age and prenatal steroids were independently associated with 17-OHP. However, logistic regression analysis showed no association between a 1 log increase in levels of 17-OHP with the outcomes of CLD (odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 0.7-3.8), or death and/or CLD (odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 0.9-4.8). Conclusions: In our population of very low birth weight infants elevated levels of 17-OHP were not associated with the development of CLD.