The Controversial Role of HCY and Vitamin B Deficiency in Cardiovascular Diseases

被引:44
作者
Herrmann, Wolfgang [1 ]
Herrmann, Markus [2 ]
机构
[1] Saarland Univ, Med Sch, D-66421 Saarbrucken, Germany
[2] Med Univ Graz, Clin Inst Med & Chem Lab Diagnost, A-8036 Graz, Austria
关键词
homocysteine; B vitamins; B-vitamin supplementation; telomere; telomere shortening; vascular dysfunction; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; LEUKOCYTE TELOMERE LENGTH; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; HORDALAND-HOMOCYSTEINE; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; STROKE PREVENTION;
D O I
10.3390/nu14071412
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Plasma homocysteine (HCY) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease CVD and stroke. However, more than two decades of intensive research activities has failed to demonstrate that Hcy lowering through B-vitamin supplementation results in a reduction in CVD risk. Therefore, doubts about a causal involvement of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and B-vitamin deficiencies in atherosclerosis persist. Existing evidence indicates that HHcy increases oxidative stress, causes endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress, alters DNA methylation and, thus, modulates the expression of numerous pathogenic and protective genes. Moreover, Hcy can bind directly to proteins, which can change protein function and impact the intracellular redox state. As most mechanistic evidence is derived from experimental studies with rather artificial settings, the relevance of these results in humans remains a matter of debate. Recently, it has also been proposed that HHcy and B-vitamin deficiencies may promote CVD through accelerated telomere shortening and telomere dysfunction. This review provides a critical overview of the existing literature regarding the role of HHcy and B-vitamin deficiencies in CVD. At present, the CVD risk associated with HHcy and B vitamins is not effectively actionable. Therefore, routine screening for HHcy in CVD patients is of limited value. However, B-vitamin depletion is rather common among the elderly, and in such cases existing deficiencies should be corrected. While Hcy-lowering with high doses of B vitamins has no beneficial effects in secondary CVD prevention, the role of Hcy in primary disease prevention is insufficiently studied. Therefore, more intervention and experimental studies are needed to address existing gaps in knowledge.
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页数:19
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