A new sine cosine algorithm for economic and emission dispatch problems with price penalty factors

Combined economic and emission dispatch (CEED) is the process of determining the outputs of generating units in a power system in order to minimise the fuel cost and pollutants emissions at the same time. This multi-objective mathematical problem can be transformed into a single-objective with the insertion of a price penalty factor. In this study, a newly developed sine and cosine algorithm (SCA) is employed to solve CEED. The proposed method is described by a trigonometric-based model and applied to three test systems with different characteristics. The numerical results indicate that SCA provides high quality solutions and outperforms other recently reported optimisation methods.