Occurrence, distribution and health risk assessment of organophosphate esters in outdoor dust in Nanjing, China: Urban vs. rural areas

被引:51
作者
Chen, Yiqun [1 ]
Zhang, Qin [2 ]
Luo, Tingwen [3 ]
Xing, Liqun [1 ,4 ,5 ]
Xu, Huaizhou [2 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[2] Minist Environm Protect, Nanjing Inst Environm Sci, 8 Jiangwangmiao St, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[3] Minist Land Resource China, Shenzhen Res Ctr Digital City Engn, Key Lab Urban Land Monitoring & Simulat, Shenzhen 518037, Peoples R China
[4] Nanjing Univ, Yancheng 224000, Peoples R China
[5] Yancheng Acad Environm Protect Technol & Engn, Yancheng 224000, Peoples R China
[6] Shen Shan Smart City Res Inst Co Ltd, Technol Incubator Base, Shenzhen Shanwei Special Cooperat Zone, Chuangfu Rd, Shenzhen 516473, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Organophosphate esters; Outdoor dust; Seasonal variations; Human risk assessment; Rural areas; Urban areas; PHOSPHORUS FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; WATER TREATMENT-PLANT; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE-WATER; INDOOR DUST; PLASTICIZERS; AIR; PARTICLES;
D O I
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.135
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
With increasing use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) largely due to the phasing out of various brominated flame retardants, much more attention has been paid to their occurrence, distribution and potential health risks. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and distribution characteristics associated to their potential health risks of selected 13 OPEs in outdoor dust with a comparison between urban and rural areas in Nanjing, China as well as seasonal variations. Ten out of 13 OPEs showed higher concentrations in urban dust than those in rural dust (p < 0.05). Six OPEs congeners exhibited significantly different concentrations with seasonal variations (p < 0.01) in rural dust. Halogenated OPEs were the dominant group in both urban (median: 56.8%) and rural (median: 45.9%) dust, and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was found to be the most abundant OPE in both urban (median: 48.7%) and rural (median:26.4%) dust. Principal component analysis with multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) and spearman correlations showed the different sources of OPEs in urban and rural dust. The non-carcinogenic (Hazard Index, HI < 1.62 x 10(-5)) and carcinogenic risks (CR< 2.28 x 10(-5)) of EOPEs were much lower than the theoretical threshold of risk, revealing a negligible risk to local residents from the exposure of OPEs in outdoor dust. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:41 / 50
页数:10
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