HIV disclosure and its effect on treatment outcomes in perinatal HIV-infected Thai children

The World Health Organization guideline recommends informing children of their HIV status between the ages of 6-12 years. Primary caregivers of perinatal HIV-infected Thai children >= 6 years were interviewed in order to assess the HIV status disclosure rate. In addition, pill counts of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were performed every three months. CD4 and HIV-RNA were performed every six months. Of the 260 children/adolescents included, the median age of disclosure was 14.8 years. The disclosure rate among those from 6 to 12 years was 21% and for those greater than 12 years of age was 84%. When comparing children aged 6-12 years whose HIV status had been disclosed to them, to children whose HIV had yet to be disclosed, no difference was noted in median ART adherence by pill count, CD4 count, or proportion of HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml (p > 0.05). Factors associated with HIV disclosure were an age of >= 12 years (OR 17.8, 95% CI 8.86-35.79) and a current CD4 <= 30% (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.20-3.62). In conclusion, although the majority of adolescents >= 12 years were aware of their HIV status only one-fifth of children aged 6-12 years were aware. Moreover, the child's/adolescent's disclosure status had no bearing on ART adherence by pill count or immunological and virological outcomes.