Orbital Foregrounds for Ultra-short Duration Transients

被引：31

作者：

Corbett, Hank ^{[1
]}

Law, Nicholas M. ^{[1
]}

Vasquez Soto, Alan ^{[1
]}

Howard, Ward S. ^{[1
]}

Glazier, Amy ^{[1
]}

Gonzalez, Ramses ^{[1
]}

Ratzloff, Jeffrey K. ^{[1
]}

Galliher, Nathan ^{[1
]}

Fors, Octavi ^{[1
,2
]}

Quimby, Robert ^{[3
,4
]}

机构：

[1] Univ N Carolina, 120 E Cameron Ave, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA

[2] Univ Barcelona, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICCUB, IEEC UB, Marti i Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain

[3] San Diego State Univ, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA

[4] Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2020年 / 903卷 / 02期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

Sky surveys; Transient detection; Wide-field telescopes; SYSTEM;

D O I：

10.3847/2041-8213/abbee5

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Reflections from objects in Earth orbit can produce subsecond, star-like optical flashes similar to astrophysical transients. Reflections have historically caused false alarms for transient surveys, but the population has not been systematically studied. We report event rates for these orbital flashes using the Evryscope Fast Transient Engine, a low-latency transient detection pipeline for the Evryscopes. We select single-epoch detections likely caused by Earth satellites and model the event rate as a function of both magnitude and sky position. We measure a rate of 1800(-280)(+600) sky(-1) hr(-1), peaking at m(g)= 13.0, for flashes morphologically degenerate with real astrophysical signals in surveys like the Evryscopes. Of these, 340(-85)(+150) sky(-1) hr(-1) are bright enough to be visible to the naked eye in typical suburban skies with a visual limiting magnitude of V approximate to 4. These measurements place the event rate of orbital flashes orders of magnitude higher than the combined rate of public alerts from all active all-sky fasttimescale transient searches, including neutrino, gravitational-wave, gamma-ray, and radio observatories. Shorttimescale orbital flashes form a dominating foreground for untriggered searches for fast transients in lowresolution, wide-angle surveys. However, events like fast radio bursts with arcminute-scale localization have a low probability (similar to 10(-5)) of coincidence with an orbital flash, allowing optical surveys to place constraints on their potential optical counterparts in single images. Upcoming satellite internet constellations, like SpaceX Starlink, are unlikely to contribute significantly to the population of orbital flashes in normal operations.

引用

页数：7

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