Mathematical model of thermal effects of blinking in human eye

Blinking is regarded as the continuous interrupted eyelid closure or opening and its thermal effect will compromise between these two. During a blink, the heat loss via convection, radiation and tear evaporation from cornea is prevented, warm tear is layered across corneal surface and the vessels of the palpebral conjunctiva provide heat to anterior eye. In most of the thermal models in human eye that are found in literatures, effect of blinking is not included, simulation is carried out only in open eye. Thus, in this paper, thermal effects of blinking are investigated using one-dimensional finite element method in transient state case. The bio-heat transfer process is simulated during different blinking rates, lid closure and opening. The simulation is carried out using normal and extreme values of ambient temperatures, blood temperatures, evaporation rates, blood perfusion rates, and lens thermal conductivities. Blinking is found to increase corneal and lens temperature by 1.29 degrees C and 0.78 degrees C respectively when compared to open eye. The results obtained from this model are useful in predicting temperature distribution in different laser eye surgeries, hyperthermia and cryosurgery treatment of eyelid carcinoma, choroidal melanoma and can be used for diagnosing temperature-related diseases.