Relation between mountain regions and biodiversity is directly and inseparable because these areas represent, perhaps, the most important source of global and regional eco-systems, the core elements of the environmental and sustainable development policies. The mountains operate as true refuge for endemic species affected by uncontrolled human actions, while alpine meadows are exposed to losses of traditional pasture practices. Also, the mountains may be analysed also from the economic, social, cultural viewpoint, etc. as their multi-disciplinary nature is acknowledged both in the academic milieu but also by the decision factors involved in territorial development policy. The negative impact on the mountain area of economic activities is increasingly more visible both at high and low altitude and therefore it should lead to a sustainable approach regarding the state of the biodiversity for this area because affecting a habitat might attract also the destruction of the entire ecologic balance which is already very fragile nowadays. The present paper gives an overview of a relationship between the sustainability and the biodiversity of the mountain area and tray to identify the main implications of its impact upon economic and social development process. Also, by interpreting the finding of previous research and studies, the article presents the current knowledge of mountain biodiversity in Europe and Romania and its relation with sustainable development process.
