Separation of brown carbon from black carbon for IMPROVE and Chemical Speciation Network PM2.5 samples

被引:60
作者
Chow, Judith C. [1 ,2 ]
Watson, John G. [1 ,2 ]
Green, Mark C. [1 ]
Wang, Xiaoliang [1 ]
Chen, L. -W. Antony [3 ]
Trimble, Dana L. [1 ]
Cropper, Paul M. [1 ]
Kohl, Steven D. [1 ]
Gronstal, Steven B. [1 ]
机构
[1] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA
[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, SKLLQG, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ELEMENTAL CARBON; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; CHANGING ASSESSMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; AIR-QUALITY; AETHALOMETER; COMPONENTS;
D O I
10.1080/10962247.2018.1426653
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The replacement of the Desert Research Institute (DRI) model 2001 with model 2015 thermal/optical analyzers (TOAs) results in continuity of the long-term organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) database, and it adds optical information with no additional carbon analysis effort. The value of multiwavelength light attenuation is that light absorption due to black carbon (BC) can be separated from that of brown carbon (BrC), with subsequent attribution to known sources such as biomass burning and secondary organic aerosols. There is evidence of filter loading effects for the 25% of all samples with the highest EC concentrations based on the ratio of light attenuation to EC. Loading corrections similar to those used for the seven-wavelength aethalometer need to be investigated. On average, nonurban Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) samples show higher BrC fractions of short-wavelength absorption than urban Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) samples, owing to greater influence from biomass burning and aged aerosols, as well as to higher primary BC contributions from engine exhaust at urban sites. Sequential samples taken during an Everglades National Park wildfire demonstrate the evolution from flaming to smoldering combustion, with the BrC fraction increasing as smoldering begins to dominate the fire event.Implications: The inclusion of seven wavelengths in thermal/optical carbon analysis of speciated PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 m) samples allows contributions from biomass burning and secondary organic aerosols to be estimated. This separation is useful for evaluating control strategy effectiveness, identifying exceptional events, and determining natural visibility conditions.
引用
收藏
页码:494 / 510
页数:17
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