Strongly interacting low-viscosity matter created in relativistic nuclear collisions

被引：378

作者：

Csernai, Laszlo P.

Kapusta, Joseph I.

McLerran, Larry D.

机构：

[1] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Sect Theoret Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway

[2] MTA KFKI, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary

[3] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA

[4] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA

[5] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken Brookhaven Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS | 2006年 / 97卷 / 15期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.152303

中图分类号：

O4 [物理学];

学科分类号：

0702 ;

摘要：

Substantial collective flow is observed in collisions between large nuclei at BNL RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) as evidenced by single-particle transverse momentum distributions and by azimuthal correlations among the produced particles. The data are well reproduced by perfect fluid dynamics. A calculation of the dimensionless ratio of shear viscosity eta to entropy density s by Kovtun, Son, and Starinets within anti-de Sitter space/conformal field theory yields eta/s=h/4 pi k(B), which has been conjectured to be a lower bound for any physical system. Motivated by these results, we show that the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons has behavior similar to helium, nitrogen, and water at and near their phase transitions in the ratio eta/s. We suggest that experimental measurements can pinpoint the location of this transition or rapid crossover in QCD.

引用

页数：4

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