Optimization and parametric analysis of slotted microstrip antenna using particle swarm optimization and curve fitting

This article presents an optimization and analysis of open-ended "+" shape slotted microstrip antenna utilizing curve fitting-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) for bandwidth (BW) enhancement and resonant frequency (FR) stabilization at 2.40 GHz design frequency. The optimized antenna BW is obtained 48.68% (1155 MHz) resonating at 2.391 GHz compared to 37.01% (867 MHz) BW of nonoptimized antenna resonating at 2.481 GHz and 13.29% (312 MHz) BW of conventional antenna resonating at 2.353 GHz. The optimization is performed using MATLAB-based PSO program with relationship equations generated by curve fitting software (Graphmatica) for BW and FR. The data for BW and FR is obtained by varying some selected parameters of open-ended "+" shape slotted (nonoptimized) patch antenna using IE3D tool. Finally, the performance of optimized antenna is compared with nonoptimized open-ended "+" shape slotted antenna and conventional antenna. A good agreement is observed between simulated and measured results. The resonating band 1.795 to 2.950 GHz of proposed antenna is suitable for WiMAX (2.3 GHz), WLAN (2.4 GHz), and other applications in partial L and S bands.