Sonophoresis;
Transdermal drug delivery;
Ultrasound;
Transport phenomena;
Models and simulations;
Synergistic effects of ultrasound;
Safety;
LOW-FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND;
CHEMICAL PENETRATION ENHANCERS;
INTENSITY PULSED ULTRASOUND;
MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN;
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE;
IN-VITRO;
TRANSCUTANEOUS IMMUNIZATION;
HUMAN SKIN;
INSULIN DELIVERY;
THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND;
D O I:
10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.007
中图分类号:
R9 [药学];
学科分类号:
1007 ;
摘要:
Transdermal drug delivery offers an attractive alternative to the conventional drug delivery methods of oral administration and injections. However, the stratum corneum serves as a barrier that limits the penetration of substances to the skin. Application of ultrasound (US) irradiation to the skin increases its permeability (sonophoresis) and enables the delivery of various substances into and through the skin. This review presents the main findings in the field of sonophoresis in transdermal drug delivery as well as transdermal monitoring and the mathematical models associated with this field. Particular attention is paid to the proposed enhancement mechanisms and future trends in the fields of cutaneous vaccination and gene therapy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.