The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection

被引：2141

作者：

Pimm, S. L. ^{[1
]}

Jenkins, C. N. ^{[2
]}

Abell, R.

Brooks, T. M. ^{[3
]}

Gittleman, J. L. ^{[4
]}

Joppa, L. N. ^{[5
]}

Raven, P. H. ^{[6
]}

Roberts, C. M. ^{[7
]}

Sexton, J. O. ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA

[2] Inst Pesquisas Ecol, BR-12960000 Nazare Paulista, SP, Brazil

[3] IUCN, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland

[4] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA

[5] Microsoft Res, Cambridge CB1 2FB, England

[6] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA

[7] Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England

[8] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, Global Land Cover Facil, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

来源：

SCIENCE | 2014年 / 344卷 / 6187期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

IUCN RED LIST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRESH-WATER; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; GLOBAL PATTERNS; HABITAT LOSS; RANGE-SIZE; CONSERVATION; FUTURE; BIRD;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1246752

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Recent studies clarify where the most vulnerable species live, where and how humanity changes the planet, and how this drives extinctions. We assess key statistics about species, their distribution, and their status. Most are undescribed. Those we know best have large geographical ranges and are often common within them. Most known species have small ranges. The numbers of small-ranged species are increasing quickly, even in well-known taxa. They are geographically concentrated and are disproportionately likely to be threatened or already extinct. Current rates of extinction are about 1000 times the likely background rate of extinction. Future rates depend on many factors and are poised to increase. Although there has been rapid progress in developing protected areas, such efforts are not ecologically representative, nor do they optimally protect biodiversity.

引用

页码：987 / +

页数：11

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