Microwave demulsification of heavy crude oil emulsions: Analysis of acid species recovered in the aqueous phase

In this work, the application of microwave technology is investigated for breaking water-in-heavy crude oil emulsions focusing upon the identification of acidic species existing in the aqueous phase recovered by the microwave demulsification process. To accomplish this, a methodology for characterization of acidic species based on GC/qMS (gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry quadrupole type) has been developed. An experimental study was conducted to assess the effect of operating conditions, including the heating mode (microwaves/conventional heating), process time (30, 60 min), pH of the aqueous phase (pH = 2, 6, 10) and temperature (90, 120, 150 degrees C) over the migration of acidic species from the crude oil to the aqueous phase during the demulsification of a heavy crude oil. The most influential variable was the temperature, which favors the partitioning of a larger number of acidic species, including cyclic compounds of low molecular weight that were not extracted at low temperature. The microwave heating allowed a wider distribution profile of monocyclic and bicyclic acids than the conventional heating scheme. Changing the aqueous phase pH from acid to the alkaline range modifies the profile of acidic compounds from predominantly acyclic to monocyclic and bicyclic species. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.