BICEP2. II. EXPERIMENT AND THREE-YEAR DATA SET

被引：155

作者：

Ade, P. A. R. ^{[1
]}

Aikin, R. W. ^{[2
]}

Amiri, M. ^{[3
]}

Barkats, D. ^{[4
]}

Benton, S. J. ^{[5
]}

Bischoff, C. A. ^{[6
]}

Bock, J. J. ^{[2
,7
]}

Brevik, J. A. ^{[2
]}

Buder, I. ^{[6
]}

Bullock, E. ^{[8
]}

Davis, G.

Day, P. K. ^{[7
]}

Dowell, C. D. ^{[7
]}

Duband, L. ^{[9
]}

Filippini, J. P. ^{[2
]}

Fliescher, S. ^{[10
]}

Golwala, S. R. ^{[2
]}

Halpern, M.

Hasselfield, M. ^{[3
]}

Hildebrandt, S. R. ^{[2
,7
]}

Hilton, G. C. ^{[11
]}

Irwin, K. D. ^{[11
,12
,13
]}

Karkare, K. S. ^{[6
]}

Kaufman, J. P.

Keating, B. G. ^{[14
]}

Kernasovskiy, S. A. ^{[12
]}

Kovac, J. M. ^{[6
]}

Kuo, C. L. ^{[12
]}

Leitch, E. M. ^{[15
]}

Llombart, N. ^{[7
]}

Lueker, M. ^{[2
]}

Netterfield, C. B. ^{[5
]}

Nguyen, H. T. ^{[7
]}

O'Brient, R. ^{[7
]}

Ogburn, R. W. ^{[12
,13
]}

Orlando, A. ^{[14
]}

Pryke, C.

Reintsema, C. D. ^{[11
]}

Richter, S. ^{[6
]}

Schwarz, R. ^{[10
]}

Sheehy, C. D. ^{[10
,15
]}

Staniszewski, Z. K. ^{[2
]}

Story, K. T.

Sudiwala, R. V. ^{[1
]}

Teply, G. P. ^{[2
]}

Tolan, J. E. ^{[12
]}

Turner, A. D. ^{[7
]}

Vieregg, A. G. ^{[6
,15
]}

Wilson, P. ^{[7
]}

Wong, C. L. ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

[2] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[3] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada

[4] ESO, Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile

[5] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada

[6] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[7] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[8] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA

[9] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC SBT, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[10] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA

[11] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[12] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[13] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[14] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

[15] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2014年 / 792卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 加拿大创新基金会;

关键词：

cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; gravitational waves; inflation; instrumentation: polarimeters; telescopes; ANGULAR SCALE POLARIZATION; GRAVITY-WAVES; MICROWAVE; ANISOTROPY; PROBE; MILLIMETER; RADIATION; SPECTRUM; MULTIPLEXER; INSTRUMENT;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We report on the design and performance of the BICEP2 instrument and on its three-year data set. BICEP2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1 degrees-5 degrees(l = 40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation. Measuring B-modes requires dramatic improvements in sensitivity combined with exquisite control of systematics. The BICEP2 telescope observed from the South Pole with a 26 cm aperture and cold, on-axis, refractive optics. BICEP2 also adopted a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antenna arrays couple to transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, all fabricated on a common substrate. The antenna-coupled TES detectors supported scalable fabrication and multiplexed readout that allowed BICEP2 to achieve a high detector count of 500 bolometers at 150 GHz, giving unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes at degree angular scales. After optimization of detector and readout parameters, BICEP2 achieved an instrument noise-equivalent temperature of 15.8 mu K root s. The full data set reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 87.2 nK in square-degree pixels (5'.2 mu K) over an effective area of 384 deg(2) within a 1000 deg(2) field. These are the deepest CMB polarization maps at degree angular scales to date. The power spectrum analysis presented in a companion paper has resulted in a significant detection of B-mode polarization at degree scales.

引用

页数：29

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