Micro and nanoscale phenomenon in bioheat transfer

The micro and nanoscale phenomenon in bioheat transfer process in thermal therapies and their biophysical and biological aspects were analyzed. The events to understand the relationship between temperature change and injury and the mechanisms which connect both aspects were measured. The change in temperature drives biophysics and results in a biological outcome in the system of interest. It is important to accurately measure and predict temperature during biomechanical applications in any system of interest. Prediction and treatment planning for complicated thermal surgeries can only be accomplished with accurate information for thermal properties, blood flow, and system specific geometry. It was observed that the quantification of thermally induced biophysics and biological outcomes are important goals for the future of the field of bioheat transfer.