The Preparation of Ethyl Levulinate Facilitated by Flow Processing: The Catalyzed and Uncatalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid

被引：20
作者：
Negus, Meghan P. [1 ]
Mansfield, Andrew C. [2 ]
Leadbeater, Nicholas E. [1 ,3 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
[2] Vapourtec Ltd, Pk Farm Business Ctr, Bury St Edmunds IP28 6TS, Suffolk, England
[3] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Community Med & Hlth Care, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
来源：
JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY | 2015年 / 5卷 / 03期
基金：
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词：
esterification; high pressure; biomass; FATTY-ACIDS; CONVERSION; CHEMISTRY; ETHANOL; BATCH; CELLULOSE; METHANOL;
D O I：
10.1556/1846.2015.00005
中图分类号：
O6 [化学];
学科分类号：
0703 ;
摘要：
The catalyzed and uncatalyzed preparation of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid and ethanol is presented. In the case of acid-catalyzed reactions, conditions were optimized in batch using microwave heating and then scaled-up using continuousflow processing. Both p-toluenesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid were used as catalysts, the latter proving most amenable. For the uncatalyzed reactions, all reactions were performed under continuous-flow conditions, using apparatus capable of operating at high temperature and pressure. Optimal conditions for the uncatalyzed process required heating a 3.6-M solution of levulinic acid in ethanol at 270 degrees C with a residence time of 30 min.
引用
收藏
页码：148 / 150
页数：3
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