Field measurements of wind-driven rain on mid-and high-rise buildings in three Canadian regions

Wind-driven rain (WDR) is an important boundary condition for the study of hygrothermal behaviour and durability of building envelopes. Understanding the WDR characteristics is important for establishing designs that minimize moisture related issues. Given the limited data available on field measurements of WDR, especially for mid- and high-rise buildings, a number of buildings have been instrumented with weather stations and driving rain gauges for WDR measurements on building facade in three Canadian cities (Vancouver, Montreal, and Fredericton). The high-resolution WDR data collected provide a valuable and unique dataset for improving semi-empirical WDR models and validating Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models. This paper presents the experimental setup, spatial distribution of WDR on fa ades in terms of catch ratios and wall factors, and the comparison between measurements and calculated WDR using ISO standard 15927. The results show that the spatial distribution of WDR on facade is significantly influenced by building geometry, facade details, and its surroundings. The wall factors vary with both the width and height of the building fa ade. The ISO semi empirical model typically overestimates WDR on buildings studied under Canadian climates. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.