Genetic diversity and population structure of Alnus hirsuta (Betulaceae) in Korea

The genetic variation at 25 allozyme loci in trees from 15 distinct populations of Alnus hirsuta in Korea was measured to estimate the amount and pattern of genetic diversity and population structure. The mean genetic diversity within populations was 0.166. Korean alder populations have slightly high levels of genetic diversity compared to those of two Canadian alder species. The genetic differentiation among populations accounted for 9% of the total variation. The rate of gene flow was estimated high (Nm = 2.63). Analysis of inbreeding coefficient, calculated for all polymorphic loci in each population, showed a substantial heterozygote deficiency relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The mean G(ST) value of A. hirsuta in Korea was 0.087. The low value of G(ST) in this species, reflecting little spatial genetic differentiation, may indicate extensive gene Row. A relationship between the mean heterozygosity and annual rainfall showed a positive relationship (r(2) = 0.54, F = 4.67).