Stepping towards causation in studies of neighborhood and environmental effects: How twin research can overcome problems of selection and reverse causation

被引：22

作者：

Duncan, Glen E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Mills, Brianna ^{[1
]}

Strachan, Eric ^{[3
]}

Hurvitz, Philip ^{[4
]}

Huang, Ruizhu ^{[5
]}

Moudon, Anne Vernez ^{[1
,4
]}

Turkheimer, Eric ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[2] Univ Washington, Interdisciplinary Grad Program Nutr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[3] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[4] Univ Washington, Urban Form Lab, Dept Urban Design & Planning, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[5] Univ Washington, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Urban Design & Plan, Urban Form Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[6] Univ Virginia, Dept Psychol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA

来源：

HEALTH & PLACE | 2014年 / 27卷

基金：

美国国家卫生研究院;

关键词：

Causality; Environment design; Lifestyle risk reduction; Social and built environments; Twin studies; RESIDENTIAL LOCATION; METHYLATION; GENE; INTERPLAY; OBESITY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.02.008

中图分类号：

R1 [预防医学、卫生学];

学科分类号：

1004 ; 120402 ;

摘要：

No causal evidence is available to translate associations between neighborhood characteristics and health outcomes into beneficial changes to built environments. Observed associations may be causal or result from uncontrolled confounds related to family upbringing. Twin designs can help neighborhood effects studies overcome selection and reverse causation problems in specifying causal mechanisms. Beyond quantifying genetic effects (i.e., heritability coefficients), we provide examples of innovative measures and analytic methods that use twins as quasi-experimental controls for confounding by environmental effects. We conclude that collaboration among investigators from multiple fields can move the field forward by designing studies that step toward causation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved,

引用

页码：106 / 111

页数：6

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