Illness-Related Parenting Stress and Maladjustment in Congenital Heart Disease: Mindfulness as a Moderator

Objective Congenital heart disease (CHD) is characterized by structural defects to the heart or the coronary blood vessels and often requires surgical repair. Raising an infant or toddler with CHD can be challenging and lead to high parenting stress and maladjustment. The parenting literature suggests that mindfulness may buffer parenting stress. The purpose of this study was to examine whethermindfulness might moderate the relationship between illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment in parents of infants and toddlers with CHD. Methods Parents of infants and toddlers with CHD attending an outpatient clinic provided background information and completed measures of illnessrelated parenting stress, mindfulness, and maladjustment. Results Results indicated that illnessrelated parenting stress was associated with maladjustment, and mindfulness moderated this relationship. Specifically, illness-related parenting stress was related to maladjustment at low and average levels of mindfulness; at high mindfulness, there was no association between illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment. Conclusions Consistent with the broader literatures, our sample of parents of infants and toddlers with CHD reported high illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment. Building on other studies demonstrating the benefits of mindful parenting, our results suggest that engaging in mindfulness might thwart the association between illness-related parenting stress and maladjustment in parents of infants and toddlers with CHD.