Tuberculosis-related stigma and its determinants in Dalian, Northeast China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe stigma of tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant challenge to TB control because it leads to delayed diagnosis and non-adherence. However, few studies on TB-related stigma have been completed in China. The aim of the current study was to explore the status of TB-related stigma and its associated predictive factors among TB patients in Dalian, Northeast China.MethodsAn institution-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted among outpatients at Dalian Tuberculosis Hospital in Liaoning Province, Northeast China. Data were collected by using a questionnaire that measured TB-related stigma, treatment status, anxiety, social support, doctor-patient communication and so on. A multiple linear regression model was used to determine the predictors of TB-related stigma.ResultsA total of 601 eligible participants were recruited. The mean score for TB-related stigma was 9.07, and the median score was 10. The average scores for anxiety, social support and doctor-patient communication were 4.03, 25.41 and 17.17, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that patients who were female (beta =1.19, 95% CI: 0.38-2.01, P<0.05), had self-assessed moderate or severe disease (=1.08, 95% CI: 0.12-2.03 and beta =1.36, 95% CI: 0.03-2.70, respectively, P<0.05), and had anxiety (=0.38, 95% CI: 0.30-0.46, P<0.001) were more likely to have a greater level of TB-related stigma than their counterparts. However, a significantly lower level of TB-related stigma was observed in patients with good social support (=-0.25, 95% CI: -0.33--0.17, P<0.001) and doctor-patient communication (=-0.14, 95% CI: -0.29--0.00, P<0.05).ConclusionsThis study showed that stigma among TB patients was high. Targeted attention should be paid to female patients and patients with moderate or severe disease in TB stigma-related interventions. Moreover, the important role of social support and doctor-patient communication in reducing TB-related stigma should also be emphasized.