It is recognized that reducing hyperglycemia early on in disease progression has long-term benefits for patients with diabetes. Insulin therapy has greater potential to reduce hyperglycemia than other therapies; however, there is often a significant delay in insulin initiation and intensification. Insulin replacement therapy in type 2 diabetes should no longer be viewed as the treatment of last resort. With the development of modern insulin analogs, the field has evolved. Large clinical trials have improved our understanding of the potential benefits and risks associated with intensive glycemic control in different patient populations and highlighted the need for individualization of glycemic targets and treatment strategies. Current treatment guidelines recognize the important role of insulin therapy both early on and throughout the progression of type 2 diabetes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机构:
Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Heart England Natl Hlth Serv Fdn Trust, Biomed Res Ctr, Birmingham, W Midlands, EnglandUniv Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Barnett, Anthony H.
;
Charbonnel, Bernard
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Ctr Hosp Univ Nantes, Nantes, FranceUniv Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Charbonnel, Bernard
;
Donovan, Mark
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Investigators CV181 057, Princeton, NJ USAUniv Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Donovan, Mark
;
Fleming, Douglas
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Investigators CV181 057, Princeton, NJ USAUniv Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Fleming, Douglas
;
Chen, Roland
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Investigators CV181 057, Princeton, NJ USAUniv Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
机构:
Ochsner Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USAOchsner Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA
Blonde, L.
;
Merilainen, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Novo Nordisk Inc, Med & Regulatory Affairs, Clin Dev, Princeton, NJ USAOchsner Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA
Merilainen, M.
;
Karwe, V.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Novo Nordisk Inc, Med & Regulatory Affairs, Clin Dev, Princeton, NJ USAOchsner Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA
Karwe, V.
;
Raskin, P.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Endocrinol, Dallas, TX 75390 USAOchsner Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USAUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Buse, John B.
;
Rosenstock, Julio
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Dallas Diabet & Endocrine Ctr Med City, Dallas, TX USAUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Rosenstock, Julio
;
Sesti, Giorgio
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Magna Graecia Univ Catanzaro, Dept Expt & Clin Med, Catanzaro, ItalyUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Sesti, Giorgio
;
Schmidt, Wolfgang E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fac Med, St Josef Hosp, Dept Med, Bochum, GermanyUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Schmidt, Wolfgang E.
;
Montanya, Eduard
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机构:
Univ Barcelona, CIBERDEM, Hosp Univ Bellivtge IDIBELL, Barcelona, SpainUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Montanya, Eduard
;
Brett, Jason H.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Novo Nordisk AS, Princeton, NJ USAUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Brett, Jason H.
;
Zychma, Marcin
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Novo Nordisk AS, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, DenmarkUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Zychma, Marcin
;
Blonde, Lawrence
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ochsner Med Ctr, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, Dept Endocrinol, New Orleans, LA USAUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
机构:
Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Heart England Natl Hlth Serv Fdn Trust, Biomed Res Ctr, Birmingham, W Midlands, EnglandUniv Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Barnett, Anthony H.
;
Charbonnel, Bernard
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ctr Hosp Univ Nantes, Nantes, FranceUniv Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Charbonnel, Bernard
;
Donovan, Mark
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Investigators CV181 057, Princeton, NJ USAUniv Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Donovan, Mark
;
Fleming, Douglas
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Investigators CV181 057, Princeton, NJ USAUniv Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Fleming, Douglas
;
Chen, Roland
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Investigators CV181 057, Princeton, NJ USAUniv Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
机构:
Ochsner Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USAOchsner Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA
Blonde, L.
;
Merilainen, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Novo Nordisk Inc, Med & Regulatory Affairs, Clin Dev, Princeton, NJ USAOchsner Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA
Merilainen, M.
;
Karwe, V.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Novo Nordisk Inc, Med & Regulatory Affairs, Clin Dev, Princeton, NJ USAOchsner Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA
Karwe, V.
;
Raskin, P.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Endocrinol, Dallas, TX 75390 USAOchsner Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USAUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Buse, John B.
;
Rosenstock, Julio
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Dallas Diabet & Endocrine Ctr Med City, Dallas, TX USAUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Rosenstock, Julio
;
Sesti, Giorgio
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Magna Graecia Univ Catanzaro, Dept Expt & Clin Med, Catanzaro, ItalyUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Sesti, Giorgio
;
Schmidt, Wolfgang E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fac Med, St Josef Hosp, Dept Med, Bochum, GermanyUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Schmidt, Wolfgang E.
;
Montanya, Eduard
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Barcelona, CIBERDEM, Hosp Univ Bellivtge IDIBELL, Barcelona, SpainUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Montanya, Eduard
;
Brett, Jason H.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Novo Nordisk AS, Princeton, NJ USAUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Brett, Jason H.
;
Zychma, Marcin
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Novo Nordisk AS, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, DenmarkUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Zychma, Marcin
;
Blonde, Lawrence
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ochsner Med Ctr, Ochsner Diabet Clin Res Unit, Dept Endocrinol, New Orleans, LA USAUniv N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA