Contemplating Dichotomous Nature of Gamma Delta T Cells for Immunotherapy

gamma delta T cells are unconventional T cells, distinguished from alpha beta T cells in a number of functional properties. Being small in number compared to alpha beta T cells, gamma delta T cells have surprised us with their pleiotropic roles in various diseases. gamma delta T cells are ambiguous in nature as they can produce a number of cytokines depending on the (micro) environmental cues and engage different immune response mechanisms, mainly due to their epigenetic plasticity. Depending on the disease condition, gamma delta T cells contribute to beneficial or detrimental response. In this review, we thus discuss the dichotomous nature of gamma delta T cells in cancer, neuroimmunology and infectious diseases. We shed light on the importance of equal consideration for systems immunology and personalized approaches, as exemplified by changes in metabolic requirements. While providing the status of immunotherapy, we will assess the metabolic (and other) considerations for better outcome of gamma delta T cell-based treatments.