Minimizing the operation cost of distributed green data centers with energy storage under carbon capping

The expensive cost and intermittent availability of renewable energy bring great challenges to its efficient utilization in green data centers. In this paper, we propose a new way to achieve an explicit trade-off between operational cost and carbon emission by dynamic storing off-site renewable energy in distributed data centers. We first formulate a constrained stochastic optimization problem for cost minimization of data centers. Then, by leveraging Lyapunov optimization theory, we design an online Carbon Capped Cost Minimization algorithm (CCCM) to achieve a near-optimal cost with rigorous mathematical proof. Specially, the decisions at each time slot are determined with an efficient iterative algorithm based on the Generalized Benders Decomposition (GBD) technique. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to show the effectiveness of our algorithm. The results show that our algorithm can save about 6% total costs compared with the algorithm without offsite energy storage. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.