Trace Metals in Soot and PM2.5 from Heavy-Fuel-Oil Combustion in a Marine Engine

被引：137

作者：

Corbin, J. C. ^{[1
,7
,10
]}

Mensah, A. A. ^{[2
]}

Pieber, S. M. ^{[1
]}

Orasche, J. ^{[3
,4
]}

Michalke, B. ^{[5
]}

Zanatta, M. ^{[1
,11
]}

Czech, H. ^{[4
,7
]}

Massabo, D. ^{[6
,7
]}

de Mongeot, F. Buatier ^{[7
]}

Mennucci, C. ^{[7
]}

El Haddad, I ^{[1
]}

Kumar, N. K. ^{[1
]}

Stengel, B. ^{[8
,9
]}

Huang, Y. ^{[4
]}

Zimmermann, R. ^{[3
,4
,9
]}

Prevot, A. S. H. ^{[1
]}

Gysel, M. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland

[2] ETH, Inst Atmospher Chem, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

[3] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Joint Mass Spectrometry Ctr, Cooperat Grp Comprehens Mol Analyt, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany

[4] Univ Rostock, Joint Mass Spectrometry Ctr, Inst Chem, Chair Analyt Chem, Dr Lorenz Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany

[5] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Res Unit Analyt Biogeochem, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany

[6] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, Via Dodecaneso 22, I-16146 Genoa, Italy

[7] Univ Genoa, Dept Phys, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy

[8] Univ Rostock, Dept Piston Machines & Internal Combust Engines, Albert Einstein Str 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany

[9] HICE Helmholtz Virtual Inst Complex Mol Syst Envi, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany

[10] Natl Res Council Canada, Measurement Sci & Stand, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada

[11] Alfred Wegener Inst, Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 2018年 / 52卷 / 11期

基金：

瑞士国家科学基金会;

关键词：

FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BLACK CARBON; SHIP EMISSIONS; PARTICLE EMISSIONS; SP-AMS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; MIXING STATE; SIZE; WOOD;

D O I：

10.1021/acs.est.8b01764

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Heavy fuel oil (HFO) particulate matter (PM) emitted by marine engines is known to contain toxic heavy metals, including vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni). The toxicity of such metals will depend on the their chemical state, size distribution, and mixing state. Using online soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SP-AMS), we quantified the mass of five metals (V, Ni, Fe, Na, and Ba) in HFO-PM soot particles produced by a marine diesel research engine. The in-soot metal concentrations were compared to in-PM(2.5 )measurements by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). We found that <3% of total PM (2.5) metals was associated with soot particles, which may still be sufficient to influence incylinder soot burnout rates. Since these metals were most likely present as oxides, whereas studies on lower-temperature boilers report a predominance of sulfates, this result implies that the toxicity of HFO PM depends on its combustion conditions. Finally, we observed a 4-to-25-fold enhancement in the ratio V:Ni in soot particles versus PM2.5, indicating an enrichment of V in soot due to its lower nucleation/condensation temperature. As this enrichment mechanism is not dependent on soot formation, V is expected to be generally enriched within smaller HFO-PM particles from marine engines, enhancing its toxicity.

引用

页码：6714 / 6722

页数：9

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