Russian-Soviet literature study in China has a history of nearly 100 years, growing step by step from infancy to maturity, and the recent two decades has witnessed remarkable achievements in this field. The article falls into 3 parts. Part 1 chronologically traces the history of Russian-Soviet literature studies in China from the end of Qing Dynasty to the present. Part 2 is devoted to the discussions about such subjects as Russian-Soviet literary theories, literature and culture, the Silver Age literature, Sino-Russian literary relationship, Russian-Soviet literary trends, and leading Russian-Soviet writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. Part 3 offers a reflection on and an anticipation of the discipline of Russian-Soviet literature studies in China.