In situ X-ray imaging of defect and molten pool dynamics in laser additive manufacturing

被引:655
作者
Leung, Chu Lun Alex [1 ]
Marussi, Sebastian [1 ]
Atwood, Robert C. [2 ]
Towrie, Michael [3 ]
Withers, Philip J. [1 ]
Lee, Peter D. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Manchester, Sch Mat, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England
[2] Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House,Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England
[3] Sci & Technol Facil Council, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Res Complex Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England
来源
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 2018年 / 9卷
基金
英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;
关键词
STAINLESS-STEEL; POWDER-BED; PROCESSING CONDITIONS; FORMATION MECHANISMS; MELT FLOW; COMPONENTS; BEHAVIOR; POROSITY; CONDUCTIVITY; DENUDATION;
D O I
10.1038/s41467-018-03734-7
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The laser-matter interaction and solidification phenomena associated with laser additive manufacturing (LAM) remain unclear, slowing its process development and optimisation. Here, through in situ and operando high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging, we reveal the underlying physical phenomena during the deposition of the first and second layer melt tracks. We show that the laser-induced gas/vapour jet promotes the formation of melt tracks and denuded zones via spattering (at a velocity of 1 ms(-1)). We also uncover mechanisms of pore migration by Marangoni-driven flow (recirculating at a velocity of 0.4 m s(-1)), pore dissolution and dispersion by laser re-melting. We develop a mechanism map for predicting the evolution of melt features, changes in melt track morphology from a continuous hemi-cylindrical track to disconnected beads with decreasing linear energy density and improved molten pool wetting with increasing laser power. Our results clarify aspects of the physics behind LAM, which are critical for its development.
引用
收藏
页数:9
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