Determination of some essential and toxic elements composition of commercial infant formula in the Egyptian market and their contribution to dietary intake of infants

被引:14
|
作者
Ghuniem, Mahmoud M. [1 ]
Khorshed, Mona A. [1 ]
Khalil, Mostafa M. H. [2 ]
机构
[1] Minist Agr & Land Reclamat, Cent Lab Residue Anal Pesticides & Heavy Met Food, Agr Res Ctr, Giza, Egypt
[2] Ain Shams Univ, Fac Sci, Chem Dept, Cairo, Egypt
关键词
Infant formula; ICP OES; GFAAS; essential and toxic elements; dietary intake; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ELECTROTHERMAL VAPORIZATION; HEAVY-METALS; MILK POWDERS; MEXICO-CITY; LEAD; MINERALS; EXPOSURE; CADMIUM; SYSTEM;
D O I
10.1080/03067319.2019.1637426
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Most essential elements present in infant formula have received very little attention. In this study, an improved methods was validated for the determination of some essential and toxic elements (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), tin (Sn) and zinc (Zn)) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP OES) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS). The validation procedure was applied for the evaluation of the limit of detection, and quantification, recovery, linearity, accuracy, and measurement uncertainty. The method showed that the detection limits varied between 0.001 and 0.217 mg/kg, and the quantification limits varied between 0.005 mu g/kg and 1 mg/kg. The mean recoveries at different spiking levels varied between 82.74 +/- 0.87 and 116.31 +/- 3.08%. The method accuracy was confirmed by using three reference materials (RM), and all obtained results were within satisfactory ranges and had acceptable Z-score values. The method precision, in terms of relative standard deviation, was below 8.76%. The method uncertainty expressed as expanded uncertainty was found to be <= 27.3%. The proposed procedure was applied to the analysis of Eight-Three samples covering eighteen different brands of popular milk formula in Egypt to assess whether the intakes complied with the permissible levels for toxic metals and recommended desired levels for essential elements. The results showed that the concentration ranges, in mg/kg, were as follows: < 0.005-0.017 (Cd), < 1-8.76 (Cu), 32-86.87 (Fe), < 1-7.11 (Mn), and 22.46-87.3 (Zn).On the other hand, all tested samples were free from any detectable amount of Cr, Co, Ni, and Pb. The daily intakes of essential elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) are lower than the recommended desirable levels (infant's nutritional requirement). Similarly, the weekly intakes of Cd were also significantly below the recommended tolerable levels.
引用
收藏
页码:525 / 548
页数:24
相关论文
共 2 条
  • [1] Toxic Elements in Commercial Infant Food, Estimated Dietary Intake, and Risk Assessment in Poland
    Mania, Monika
    Wojciechowska-Mazurek, Maria
    Starska, Krystyna
    Rebeniak, Malgorzata
    Szynal, Tomasz
    Strzelecka, Agnieszka
    Postupolski, Jacek
    POLISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 2015, 24 (06): : 2525 - 2536
  • [2] Determination and evaluation of 26 toxic, potentially toxic and essential elements in infant cereals in Chinese market
    An, Jiahui
    Liu, Zhao
    Xie, Gang
    Zhu, Yi
    JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS, 2023, 123