Origin of atmospheric aerosols at the Pierre Auger Observatory using studies of air mass trajectories in South America

被引：7

作者：

Aab, A. ^{[30
,44
,46
,62
]}

Abreu, P. ^{[76
,77
]}

Aglietta, M. ^{[60
,65
]}

Ahlers, M. ^{[108
]}

Ahn, E. J. ^{[96
]}

Albuquerque, I. F. M. ^{[21
]}

Allekotte, I. ^{[3
,4
]}

Allen, J. ^{[100
]}

Allison, P. ^{[102
]}

Almela, A. ^{[13
,16
]}

Castillo, J. Alvarez ^{[69
]}

Alvarez-Muniz, J. ^{[89
]}

Batista, R. Alves ^{[45
]}

Ambrosio, M. ^{[53
,54
]}

Aminaei, A. ^{[70
]}

Anchordoqui, L. ^{[109
]}

Andringa, S. ^{[76
,77
]}

Antictic, T. ^{[28
]}

Aramo, C. ^{[53
,54
]}

Arqueros, F. ^{[85
]}

Asorey, H. ^{[3
,4
]}

Assis, P. ^{[76
,77
]}

Aublin, J. ^{[34
,35
]}

Ave, M. ^{[89
]}

Avenier, M. ^{[36
]}

Avila, G. ^{[15
]}

Badescu, A. M. ^{[81
]}

Barber, K. B. ^{[17
]}

Bardenet, R. ^{[33
]}

Baeuml, J. ^{[42
]}

Baus, C. ^{[102
]}

Beatty, J. J. ^{[39
]}

Becker, K. H. ^{[17
]}

Bellido, J. A. ^{[108
]}

BenZvi, S. ^{[36
]}

Berat, C. ^{[3
,4
]}

Bertou, X. ^{[43
]}

Biermann, P. L. ^{[43
]}

Billoir, P. ^{[34
,35
]}

Blanco, F. ^{[85
]}

Blanco, M. ^{[34
,35
]}

Bleve, C. ^{[39
]}

Bluemer, H. ^{[40
,42
]}

Bohacova, M. ^{[30
]}

Boncioli, D. ^{[64
]}

Bonifazi, C. ^{[26
]}

Bonino, R. ^{[60
,65
]}

Borodai, N. ^{[74
]}

Brack, J. ^{[94
]}

Brancus, I. ^{[78
]}

机构：

[1] Observ Pierre Auger, RA-5613 Malargue, Argentina

[2] Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, Dept Phys, I-67100 Laquila, Italy

[3] UNCuyo, CONICET, CNEA, Ctr Atom Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

[4] UNCuyo, CONICET, CNEA, Inst Balseiro, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

[5] CITEDEF, Ctr Invest Laseres Aplicac, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[6] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[7] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata, Argentina

[8] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata, Argentina

[9] UBA, CONICET, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[10] UNR, CONICET, Inst Fis Rosario IFIR, Rosario, Argentina

[11] UNR, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Rosario, Argentina

[12] Natl Technol Univ, UNSAM, Fac Mendoza, CONICET,CNEA,Inst Tecnol Detecc Astroparticulas, Mendoza, Argentina

[13] UNSAM, CONICET, CNEA, Inst Tecnol Detecc Astroparticulas, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[14] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue, Argentina

[15] Observ Pierre Auger & Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue, Argentina

[16] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[17] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

[18] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

[19] Fac Independente Nord, Vitoria Da Conquista, Brazil

[20] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil

[21] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, Brazil

[22] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil

[23] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, Brazil

[24] Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil

[25] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil

[26] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[27] Univ Fed Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil

[28] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[29] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague, Czech Republic

[30] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic

[31] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, CR-77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic

[32] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, F-91405 Orsay, France

[33] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, Orsay, France

[34] Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France

[35] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France

[36] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Grenoble INP,LPSC, F-38041 Grenoble, France

[37] Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, Paris, France

[38] Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Mines Nantes,SUBATECH, F-44035 Nantes, France

[39] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

[40] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[41] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[42] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Expt Kernphys IEKP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[43] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[44] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Physikal Inst A 3, Aachen, Germany

[45] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

[46] Univ Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany

[47] Dipartimento Fis Univ, Genoa, Italy

[48] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy

[49] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy

[50] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Laquila, Italy

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH | 2014年 / 149卷

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

Cosmic ray; Aerosol; Air masses; Atmospheric effect; HYSPLIT; GDAS; CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTICAL DEPTH; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM;

D O I：

10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.05.021

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

The Pierre Auger Observatory is making significant contributions towards understanding the nature and origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. One of its main challenges is the monitoring of the atmosphere, both in terms of its state variables and its optical properties. The aim of this work is to analyse aerosol optical depth tau(a)(z) values measured from 2004 to 2012 at the observatory, which is located in a remote and relatively unstudied area of Pampa Amarilla, Argentina. The aerosol optical depth is in average quite low - annual mean tau(a)(3.5 km) similar to 0.04 - and shows a seasonal trend with a winter minimum - tau(a)(3.5 km) - 0.03 -, and a summer maximum - tau(a)(3.5 km) similar to 0.06 -, and an unexpected increase from August to September tau(a)(35 km) similar to 0.055. We computed backward trajectories for the years 2005 to 2012 to interpret the air mass origin. Winter nights with low aerosol concentrations show air masses originating from the Pacific Ocean. Average concentrations are affected by continental sources (wind-blown dust and urban pollution), whilst the peak observed in September and October could be linked to biomass burning in the northern part of Argentina or air pollution coming from surrounding urban areas. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：120 / 135

页数：16

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