Kinetic and thermodynamic investigation of removal of different model dyes using hazelnut shells

In this study, a practical approach that provided a value-added to Turkey was aimed for the treatment of textile effluents. In this context, hazelnut shell (HS), as a harmless waste and without an alternative usage, was utilized in treatment of synthetically prepared wastewaters in laboratory given the position of Turkey in the world in terms of hazelnut produciton. FTIR, SEM-EDS, and XRD analyses showed organic bond structure, morphological and elementel propoerties of HS. Subsequently, removal of various reactive model dyes was investigated under different operating conditions such as initial pH, initial Reactive dye concentration, adsorbent concentration, reaction time, and temperature. Kinetic analyses showed that adsorption process was controlled by both pseudo second order and intra particuler diffusion models. Equilibrium studies showed that Langmuir isotherm stated the process better. Thermedynamic parameters showed that the process was endothermic, spontaneous, and had an affinity that increased by increasing temperature.